Physical assessment of lower extremity radiculopathy and sciatica.

OBJECTIVE The purpose is to describe active and passive physical maneuvers that provoke or alleviate lumbosacral radiculopathy and/or sciatica to demonstrate how these maneuvers function in common orthopedic and neurological tests/signs. METHODS Descriptions of the maneuvers and their countermaneuvers are provided to establish an understanding of their mechanisms and influence on lumbosacral nerve roots and the sciatic nerve. Common tests and signs for lower extremity radiculopathy and sciatica are described to demonstrate the clinical application of the maneuvers. Combinations of common tests are also offered to improve examination efficiency. RESULTS Understanding how each maneuver contributes individually or in combination with standard tests will enhance the reader's examination skills. CONCLUSION Improved examination skills lead to improved diagnosis and differential diagnosis of lower extremity radiculopathy and sciatica.